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Relations between indoor and outdoor PM

Cong Liu, Yinping Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1089-4

摘要：

Factors impacting indoor-outdoor relations are introduced.

Sulfate seems a fine tracer for other non-volatile species.

Particulate nitrate and ammonium desorb during outdoor-to-indoor transport.

OC load increases during the transport due to sorption of indoor SVOCs.

关键词： Indoor air quality Exposure SVOC Reactive oxidative species Oxidative potential Chemical transport model

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Mass transport mechanisms within pervaporation membranes

Yimeng Song, Fusheng Pan, Ying Li, Kaidong Quan, Zhongyi Jiang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 458-474 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1780-1

摘要： Pervaporation is an energy-efficient membrane technology for separating liquid molecules of similar physical properties, which may compete or combine with distillation separation technology in a number of applications. With the rapid development of new membrane materials, the pervaporation performance was significantly improved. Fundamental understanding of the mass transport mechanisms is crucial for the rational design of membrane materials and efficient intensification of pervaporation process. Based on the interactions between permeate molecules and membranes, this review focuses on two categories of mass transport mechanisms within pervaporation membranes: physical mechanism (solution-diffusion mechanism, molecular sieving mechanism) and chemical mechanism (facilitated transport mechanism). Furthermore, the optimal integration and evolution of different mass transport mechanisms are briefly introduced. Material selection and relevant applications are highlighted under the guidance of mass transport mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are tentatively identified.

关键词： pervaporation membrane mass transport mechanisms physical mechanism chemical mechanism

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A model of

Jingyu WANG,Hongwei FANG,Guojian HE,Lei HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第6期页码 845-853 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0708-3

摘要： The impact on the environment of radionuclide release from nuclear power plants has attracted increased attention, especially after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. Based on the mechanisms of adsorption/desorption at solid/liquid interfaces and a surface micromorphology model of sediments, a theoretical expression of the distribution coefficient is derived. This coefficient has significant effects on the distribution of radionuclide in seawater, suspended sediment and seabed sediment. is then used to simulate Sr transport in the sea near the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. The simulation results are compared with field measurements of tidal level, current velocity, suspended sediment concentration and Sr concentrations in the same period. Overall, the simulated results agree well with the field measured data. Thus, the derived expression for is capable of interpreting realistic adsorption/desorption processes. What’s more, conclusion is drawn that about 40% Sr released by Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant will be adsorbed by suspended sediment and 20% by seabed sediment, only about 40% Sr will remain in the sea near Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in South China Sea.

关键词： distribution coefficient Daya Bay hydrodynamic sediment transport radionuclide transport

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Modification of the activated sludge model for chemical dosage

Shuai MA,Siyu ZENG,Xin DONG,Jining CHEN,Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 694-701 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0732-3

摘要： Full-scale experiments have been carried out to adapt the activated sludge model ASM2d to include the influence of metal dosage (Fe and Al ) for phosphorus removal. Phosphorus removal rates, nitrification rates, as well as pH and sludge settling performance, were evaluated as functions of the metal dosages. Furthermore, models relating certain parameters to the dosage of chemicals have been derived. Corresponding parameters in the ASM2d and the secondary settler models, included in the Benchmark Simulation Model No 1 (BSM1), have been modified to take the metal influence into consideration. Based on the effluent limits and penalty policy of China, an equivalent evaluation method was derived for the total cost assessment. A large number of 300-day steady-state and 14-day open-loop dynamic simulations were performed to demonstrate the difference in behavior between the original and the modified BSM1. The results show that 1) both in low and high mole concentrations, Fe addition results in a higher phosphorus removal rate than Al ; 2) the sludge settling velocity will increase due to the metal addition; 3) the respiration rate of the activated sludge is decreased more by the dosage of Al than Fe ; 4) the inhibition of Al on the nitrification rate is stronger than that of Fe ; 5) the total operating cost will reach the minimum point for smaller dosages of Fe , but always increase with Al addition.

关键词： chemical precipitation benchmark simulation model phosphorus removal respiratory rate sludge settling activated sludge model

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Comparison of the performance of traditional advection-dispersion equation and mobile-immobile modelfor simulating solute transport in heterogeneous soils

Haizhu HU,Xiaomin MAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 241-248 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016108

摘要： The traditional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the mobile-immobile model (MIM) are widely used to describe solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. However, the fitness of the two models is case-dependent. In this paper, the transport of conservative, adsorbing and degradable solutes through a 1 m heterogeneous soil column under steady flow condition was simulated by ADE and MIM, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results show that MIM tends to prolong the breakthrough process and decrease peak concentration for all three solutes, and tailing and skewness are more pronounced with increasing dispersivity. Breakthrough curves of the adsorbing solute simulated by MIM are less sensitive to the retardation factor compared with the results simulated by ADE. The breakthrough curves of degradable solute obtained by MIM and ADE nearly overlap with a high degradation rate coefficient, indicating that MIM and ADE perform similarly for simulating degradable solute transport when biochemical degradation prevails over the mass exchange between mobile and immobile zones. The results suggest that the physical significance of dispersivity should be carefully considered when MIM is applied to simulate the degradable solute transport and/or ADE is applied to simulate the adsorbing solute transport in highly dispersive soils.

关键词： solute transport advection dispersion equation (ADE) mobile-immobile model (MIM) conservative solute adsorbing solute degradable solute PHREEQC-2

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极端条件下材料化学和输运性质的第一原理研究 Review

John S. Tse

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 421-433 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.008

摘要：

地球是一个动态系统。从常温常压到地核的360 GPa 和6600 K，地球的热力学状态随着深度的变化而发生很大变化。因此，地球成分（如硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物）的物理和化学性质受其所处环境的显著影响。在过去的30 年中，在极端条件下的材料表征的实验技术和理论模拟方法都取得了巨大的进步。这些进步提升了我们对矿物特性的理解，这对于充分认识这个星球的形成及其生命起源至关重要。本文回顾了用于预测极端条件下材料性质的最新计算技术，本研究仅限于应用第一原理分子动力学（first principle molecular dynamics, FPMD）方法研究与地球科学相关的化学和热力学输运过程。

关键词：高压高温地幔分子动力学密度泛函方法输运性质化学反应

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Multi-objective dynamic optimization model for China’s road transport energy technology switching

Dan GAO , Zheng LI , Feng FU , Linwei MA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 247-253 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0048-3

摘要： Deducting the future switching of the road transport energy technology is one of the key preconditions for relative technology development planning. However, one of the difficulties is to address the issue of multi-objective and conflicting constrains, e.g., minimizing the climate mitigation or minimizing economic cost. In this paper, a dynamic optimization model was established, which can be used to analyze the road transport energy technology switching under multi-objective constrains. Through one case study, a series of solutions could be derived to provide decision-makers with the flexibility to choose the appropriate solution with respect to the given situation.

关键词： technology switching transport energy system multi-objective CO₂ mitigation

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一种多式联运网络运输方式的组合优化模式

王涛,王刚

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 46-50

摘要：

针对我国多式联运目前普遍存在的信息化水平不高，缺乏相应的决策支持系统的现状，首先对多种运输方式的运输特性进行了分析，通过对比，得出了运输方式的选择依据；然后建立了多式联运虚拟运输网络；最后在运输方式选择依据和运输网络的基础上得出了多种运输方式组合优化模型，并给出了求解算法。

关键词：多式联运运输方式组合优化

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A time−space porosity computational model for concrete under sulfate attack

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0985-7

摘要： The deterioration of the microscopic pore structure of concrete under external sulfate attack (ESA) is a primary cause of degradation. Nevertheless, little effort has been invested in exploring the temporal and spatial development of the porosity of concrete under ESA. This study proposes a mechanical–chemical model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of the porosity. A relationship between the corrosion damage and amount of ettringite is proposed based on the theory of volume expansion. In addition, the expansion strain at the macro-scale is obtained using a stress analysis model of composite concentric sphere elements and the micromechanical mean-field approach. Finally, considering the influence of corrosion damage and cement hydration on the diffusion of sulfate ions, the expansion deformation and porosity space−time distribution are obtained using the finite difference method. The results demonstrate that the expansion strains calculated using the suggested model agree well with previously reported experimental results. Moreover, the tricalcium aluminate concentration, initial elastic modulus of cement paste, corrosion damage, and continuous hydration of cement significantly affect concrete under ESA. The proposed model can forecast and assess the porosity of concrete covers and provide a credible approach for determining the residual life of concrete structures under ESA.

关键词： expansion deformation porosity internal expansion stress external sulfate attack mechanical–chemical coupling model

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Reduction kinetics of SrFeO/CaO∙MnO nanocomposite as effective oxygen carrier for chemical looping partial

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1726-1734 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2188-5

摘要： Chemical looping reforming of methane is a novel and effective approach to convert methane to syngas, in which oxygen transfer is achieved by a redox material. Although lots of efforts have been made to develop high-performance redox materials, a few studies have focused on the redox kinetics. In this work, the kinetics of SrFeO_3−δ–CaO∙MnO nanocomposite reduction by methane was investigated both on a thermo-gravimetric analyzer and in a packed-bed microreactor. During the methane reduction, combustion occurs before the partial oxidation and there exists a transition between them. The weight loss due to combustion increases, but the transition region becomes less inconspicuous as the reduction temperature increased. The weight loss associated with the partial oxidation is much larger than that with combustion. The rate of weight loss related to the partial oxidation is well fitted by the Avrami–Erofeyev equation with n = 3 (A3 model) with an activation energy of 59.8 kJ∙mol^‒1. The rate law for the partial oxidation includes a solid conversion term whose expression is given by the A3 model and a methane pressure-dependent term represented by a power law. The partial oxidation is half order with respect to methane pressure. The proposed rate law could well predict the reduction kinetics; thus, it may be used to design and/or analyze a chemical looping reforming reactor.

关键词： chemical looping reforming SrFeO_3−δ/CaO·MnO nanocomposite reduction kinetics Avrami–Erofeyev model pressure-dependent term

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The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1336-8

摘要：

• Emission of microbe from local environments is a main source of bioaerosols.

关键词： Bioaerosols Diffusion Source identification Biogeography

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Intercontinental transport of air pollution

Lin ZHANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 20-29 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0014-7

摘要： There is an increasing interest on the intercontinental transport of air pollution among the three main emission regions at northern mid-latitudes: North America, Europe, and East Asia. Air pollutants with sufficient long lifetime can be transported from one continent to another. Observations from ground sites, aircraft and satellites have demonstrated this intercontinental-scale transport of air pollutants in the free troposphere. Numerical models have been applied to understand the pathways of the transport and the impact of intercontinental pollution transport. This paper reviews current observational evidence and modeling studies of intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors, and the resulting impacts on air quality.

关键词： intercontinental transport ozone air pollution

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多式联运的最短时间路径-运输费用模型研究

魏众,申金升,黄爱玲,张智文,石定寰

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第8期页码 61-64

摘要：

随着经济的迅速发展，单一的运输方式越来越不能满足来自客户的敏捷制造、快速响应市场、物流供应链管理等诸多方面的需求，多式联运为之提供了良好的解决方案；多式联运运输网络考虑了节点间的运输时间、节点处的运输方式转换时间以及可能发生的货运延迟；给出了多式联运下的路径最短时间模型，并根据求得的最短时间路径提供了相应的运输费用模型，为多式联运的相关研究工作提供了理论基础。

关键词：多式联运最短时间路径运输费用

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Future urban transport management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 534-539 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0255-3

摘要： The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector. However, existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems. Furthermore, emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled “Future Urban Transport Management” in 2022. The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beihang University, and Beijing Transport Institute. Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities, this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management. It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.

关键词： future urban transport management travel behavior characteristics transportation operations transportation emergency management transportation decision intelligence

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Thermal transport properties of monolayer phosphorene: a mini-review of theoretical studies

Guangzhao QIN, Ming HU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 87-96 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0513-y

摘要： Phosphorene, a two-dimensional (2D) elemental semiconductor with a high carrier mobility and intrinsic direct band gap, possesses fascinating chemical and physical properties distinctively different from other 2D materials. Its rapidly growing applications in nano-/opto-electronics and thermoelectrics call for fundamental understanding of the thermal transport properties. Considering the fact that there have been so many studies on the thermal transport in phosphorene, it is on emerging demand to have a review on the progress of previous studies and give an outlook on future work. In this mini-review, the unique thermal transport properties of phosphorene induced by the hinge-like structure are examined. There exists a huge deviation in the reported thermal conductivity of phosphorene in literature. Besides, the mechanism underlying the deviation is discussed by reviewing the effect of different functionals and cutoff distance in calculating the thermal transport properties of phosphorene. It is found that the (vdW) interactions play a key role in the formation of resonant bonding, which leads to long-ranged interactions. Taking into account of the vdW interactions and including the long-ranged interactions caused by the resonant bonding with large cutoff distance are important for getting the accurate and converged thermal conductivity of phosphorene. Moreover, a fundamental insight into the thermal transport is provided based on the review of resonant bonding in phosphorene. This mini-review summarizes the progress of the thermal transport in phosphorene and gives an outlook on future horizons, which would benefit the design of phosphorene based nano-electronics.

关键词： thermal transport phosphorene resonant bonding

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标题作者时间类型操作

Relations between indoor and outdoor PM

Cong Liu, Yinping Zhang

期刊论文

Mass transport mechanisms within pervaporation membranes

Yimeng Song, Fusheng Pan, Ying Li, Kaidong Quan, Zhongyi Jiang

期刊论文

A model of

Jingyu WANG,Hongwei FANG,Guojian HE,Lei HUANG

期刊论文

Modification of the activated sludge model for chemical dosage

Shuai MA,Siyu ZENG,Xin DONG,Jining CHEN,Gustaf OLSSON

期刊论文

Comparison of the performance of traditional advection-dispersion equation and mobile-immobile modelfor simulating solute transport in heterogeneous soils

Haizhu HU,Xiaomin MAO

期刊论文

极端条件下材料化学和输运性质的第一原理研究

John S. Tse

期刊论文

Multi-objective dynamic optimization model for China’s road transport energy technology switching

Dan GAO , Zheng LI , Feng FU , Linwei MA

期刊论文

一种多式联运网络运输方式的组合优化模式

王涛,王刚

期刊论文

A time−space porosity computational model for concrete under sulfate attack